Nephrolepis pendula, also known as the Fish Tail Fern, is a popular houseplant prized for its graceful, arching fronds. This fern is native to tropical regions of South America and is an epiphytic plant, growing on trees and rocks in humid rainforests. Its scientific name is Nephrolepis pendula of the family Nephrolepidaceae.
👀 Overview
Nephrolepis pendula is an attractive fern with long, narrow fronds that can reach lengths of 2 meters or more as the plant matures. The fronds emerge short when young and gradually lengthen over time. This plant spreads readily via wiry stolons and forms loose clumps or tufts of arching foliage. Under the right growing conditions, the fish tail fern produces lush, full growth.
| 📖 Common name | Fish Tail Fern, Pendulous Sword Fern, Long John Fern |
| 🔬 Botanical name | Nephrolepis pendula |
| 🫴 Care Difficulty level | Moderate |
| ☠️ Toxicity | Non-toxic to pets and humans |
| 💨 Air-purifying Qualities | Moderate |
| 🌱 Soil Type and pH | Well-draining, slightly acidic to neutral |
| ☀️ Sun Exposure | Partial shade |
| 🍪 Edibility | Not edible |
| 🌴 Plant type | Fern |
| 🍃 Foliage Type | Evergreen |
| 🌿 Color of leaves | Bright green |
| 🌸 Flower color | N/A |
| 💥 Bloom time | N/A |
| 🚀 Growth Speed | Moderate |
| 📏 Mature Size | Up to 3-4 feet |
| 🔄 Life Cycle | Perennial |
| 🌍 Hardiness zones | 10-12 |
| 🗺️ Native area | Asia, Pacific regions |
💚 Fish Tail Fern Care
Nephrolepis pendula thrives when given bright, filtered light, consistent moisture, humid conditions, and an airy potting mix. Pay close attention to its water, light, and humidity needs.
☀️ Light ☀️
Nephrolepis pendula thrives best in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the foliage.
Ideal Light Conditions
- Bright, indirect light for most of the day
- East or west facing windows are ideal
- Southern exposure with sheer curtains to filter light
- Avoid direct midday sun
Light Recommendations
- Indoors: Place near an east, west, or lightly filtered south facing window. Rotate the plant occasionally if the light is uneven. Provide bright artificial light if insufficient natural light.
- Outdoors: Dappled shade under trees or a covered patio. Avoid direct southern exposure.
- Light Levels: Provide 800-2000 foot candles of light. Use a light meter app on your phone to measure light in the location.
Signs of Insufficient Light
- Slow growth
- Fronds yellowing or browning
- Fronds remain short and unfurl slowly
- Fronds thin and floppy
Signs of Excessive Light
- Fronds scorched or sunburned
- Fronds crispy or dried out
- Fading or bleaching of fronds
- Brown leaf tips or margins
Monitor your Nephrolepis pendula carefully and adjust the light levels accordingly. With the right amount of bright, indirect light it will flourish. Insufficient light will result in poor growth while too much light will damage the foliage.
💧 Water
Proper watering is critical for Nephrolepis pendula to thrive. The soil should be kept consistently moist but not saturated. Allow the top inch or two of soil to dry out slightly between waterings.
Watering Guidelines:
- Water whenever the top of the soil begins to feel dry to the touch. Check by inserting your finger into the soil.
- Water thoroughly until water drains from the bottom of the pot. This ensures the entire root zone is hydrated.
- Water in the morning if possible, so the plant has all day to dry out excess moisture.
- In general, water 1-2 times per week during the growing season in spring and summer. Reduce frequency in fall and winter.
Water Requirements:
- Nephrolepis pendula prefers consistently moist soil. Do not allow the soil to completely dry out.
- Water more frequently in warmer temperatures, bright light, and lower humidity. The plant transpires more moisture in these conditions.
- Water less frequently in cooler temperatures and higher humidity. Allow more time between waterings.
- If potting mix dries out, fronds may yellow, brown, or shed. Increase watering frequency.
- Avoid overwatering which can lead to root rot. Allow soil to dry out slightly between waterings.
Humidity:
- Nephrolepis pendula thrives in high humidity. Mist the plant daily or use a humidifier to maintain humidity levels above 50%.
- Low humidity causes fronds to dry out. Increase humidity and water more often if needed.
Signs of Underwatering:
- Fronds turning yellow or brown
- Fronds crispy, curled, or drooping
- Increased leaf shedding
- Soil extremely dry
Signs of Overwatering:
- Fronds remaining green but wilting
- Soft, mushy stems
- Foul odor from potting mix
- Excess moisture in saucer after watering
Monitor your plant and adjust your watering frequency and volume to keep the soil consistently moist but not saturated. Proper watering is the key to keeping Nephrolepis pendula healthy and lush.
🪴 Soil
Nephrolepis pendula thrives in a well-draining, porous potting mix. The soil should retain some moisture but not get waterlogged.
Recommended Potting Mix:
- Peat moss or coco coir – improves moisture retention
- Perlite or pumice – improves drainage and aeration
- Compost – provides nutrients
- Worm castings (optional) – adds beneficial microbes
Ideal Soil Properties:
- Quick draining but still moisture retentive
- pH between 5.5 and 6.5, slightly acidic
- Rich in organic matter but not dense or heavy
Soil Mix Recipes:
- 2 parts peat moss or coco coir
- 1 part perlite or pumice
- 1 part compost or worm castings
OR
- 1 part potting soil
- 1 part perlite or pumice
- 1 part peat moss or coco coir
When Repotting:
- Gently loosen root ball and trim any dead roots
- Discard old soil and repot in fresh mix
- Pot in a container with drainage holes
- Avoid soil mixes with water retaining gels
Soil Maintenance:
- Top dress annually with fresh potting mix or compost
- Repot every 2-3 years in fresh soil as mix breaks down
- Check pH yearly and amend if needed
Providing the right soil is key to growing lush, healthy Nephrolepis pendula. Aim for a porous, moisture retentive mix that drains well and is rich in organic matter.
🍼 Fertilizer
Applying fertilizer at the right times ensures Nephrolepis pendula receives the nutrients it needs for lush, healthy growth.
When to Fertilize:
- During the active growing season (spring through fall)
- Every 2-4 weeks from spring to mid-summer
- Reduce frequency in fall and winter
Fertilizer Types:
- Balanced liquid fertilizer (20-20-20) diluted to half strength
- Water soluble houseplant fertilizer
- Slow release pellets formulated for ferns
Application Method:
- Mix liquid fertilizers into the water when watering
- Top dress soil with slow release pellets in spring
Signs that Fertilizer is Needed:
- Slow growth
- Light green new foliage
- Yellowing lower leaves
- Smaller than normal new fronds
Signs of Fertilizer Burn:
- Brown leaf tips and margins
- Curled, dried leaves
- Root damage or rot
Tips to Avoid Fertilizer Burn:
- Only fertilize when soil is moist, not dry
- Always dilute liquid fertilizers to half strength
- Flush soil monthly to prevent salt buildup
- Reduce frequency in winter and for mature plants
Use a balanced, complete fertilizer to provide Nephrolepis pendula with the essential nutrients it needs for healthy growth and lush, cascading fronds.
🌡️ Temperature
Nephrolepis pendula thrives in warm to hot temperatures during the growing season and appreciates cooler temperatures in the winter.
Recommended Temperature Range:
- Daytime Temperatures: 68-86°F (20-30°C)
- Nighttime Temperatures: 60-70°F (15-21°C)
- Can tolerate brief drops to 50°F (10°C)
Growing Season (Spring, Summer, Fall):
- Keep daytime temperatures between 68-86°F (20-30°C)
- Maintain 60-70°F (15-21°C) at night
Winter Dormancy:
- Cooler temperatures of 55-60°F (13-16°C)
- Reduce watering frequency
- Allow soil to dry out more between waterings
Signs of Temperature Stress:
- Hot temperatures – Leaf scorch, sunburn, drying foliage
- Cold temperatures – Shriveled, discolored foliage
Heating and Cooling Tips:
- Move plant away from heat vents and drafty areas
- Provide shade outdoors during heat waves
- Use fans to improve air circulation
- Move indoor plants outside after danger of frost has passed
- Bring outdoor plants inside before first frost
Monitor temperatures and watch for signs of stress. Maintain ideal temperature ranges for healthy growth. Nephrolepis pendula is quite adaptable and can thrive indoors or outdoors given proper care.
💦 Humidity
Nephrolepis pendula thrives in humid conditions. Maintaining high humidity around this fern is key to preventing dried out foliage.
Ideal Humidity Levels:
- Minimum of 50% relative humidity
- Ideal range is 60-80% humidity
- Higher humidity is better, up to 90%
Increasing Humidity:
- Use a humidifier near the plant to increase moisture in the air
- Group plants together to create a microclimate
- Place pots on pebble trays filled with water
- Mist the plant daily using a spray bottle
Signs of Low Humidity:
- Leaf tips turning brown and crispy
- Fronds drying out or appearing shriveled
- Increased leaf shedding and loss of foliage
Signs of High Humidity:
- Slow growth
- Appearance of fungal leaf spots
- Rotting of stems and roots
Monitoring Humidity:
- Use a hygrometer to track humidity near the plant
- Observe the plant daily for signs of stress
Providing the right humidity is crucial for Nephrolepis pendula to thrive indoors. Increase humidity around the plant and make adjustments as needed based on regular observation. With proper humidity this fern will remain lush and beautiful.
📃 Types of Fish Tail Fern
🪴 Potting and Repotting Fish Tail Fern
Proper potting and repotting helps ensure the long-term health of Nephrolepis pendula.
Potting Tips:
- Choose a pot with drainage holes to prevent waterlogging
- Use a porous potting mix that retains moisture but drains well
- Only move up 1-2″ inches in pot size at a time to avoid overpotting
- After repotting, avoid fertilizing for 2-3 weeks until roots recover
When to Repot:
- When the roots have filled the current pot
- When soil is depleted and plant growth is stunted
- Every 2-3 years for mature plants
- Annually for younger plants
Repotting Instructions:
- Gently remove from pot and loosen root ball
- Trim off any dead or damaged roots
- Place in new potting mix, keeping root ball slightly above the soil line
- Water thoroughly after repotting
Pot Sizes:
- Seedlings and small cuttings: 3-4 inch pots
- Young plants: 6-8 inch pots
- Mature plants: 10-12 inch pots
Potting Mix:
- Use a well-draining mix designed for ferns
- Combine peat moss, perlite, compost and orchid bark
Providing the right potting environment is essential for Nephrolepis pendula to flourish. Timely repotting maintains vigor and encourages lush cascading growth.
✂️ Pruning Fish Tail Fern
Pruning is not essential for Nephrolepis pendula but can be done to maintain size and shape.
When to Prune:
- In early spring before new growth emerges
- Remove any dead or damaged fronds year-round
Pruning Tips:
- Use sterilized, sharp pruning shears or scissors
- Cut fronds off at the base, where they attach to the rhizome
- Avoid removing more than 1/3 of the foliage at one time
Why Prune:
- To control size and shape
- To remove dead or diseased fronds
- To tidy up overgrown plants
How to Prune:
- Cut back fronds to just above a branching point
- Prune out older interior fronds to expose new growth
- Can prune runners to contain spread
After Pruning:
- Disinfect tools with isopropyl alcohol
- Rinse off plant to remove debris
- Resume normal care
Pruning is not vital but can help maintain an attractive shape and fullness. Remove any dead or damaged fronds promptly to keep Nephrolepis pendula looking its best.
🌱 How to Propagate Fish Tail Fern
Nephrolepis pendula can be easily propagated by division or by frond cuttings. This allows you to produce new plants identical to the parent plant.
Propagating by Division
Dividing the rootball is the most reliable method to propagate Nephrolepis pendula.
How to Divide:
- Remove the plant from its pot and gently loosen the root ball
- Using a sterilized knife, cut the root ball into sections
- Each section should have 3-5 fronds and healthy roots
- Replant the divisions in small pots using fresh potting mix
- Water well and maintain high humidity while the new plants establish
When to Divide:
- During repotting when the plant is rootbound
- In early spring before active growth resumes
Tips for Dividing:
- Take divisions from the vigorous, healthy perimeter of the plant
- Discard any rotted or diseased sections
- Keep at least 3 fronds per division
- Allow divisions to establish for 8-12 weeks before fertilizing
Propagating by Frond Cuttings
You can also propagate by taking frond cuttings from a healthy parent plant.
How to Take Cuttings:
- Select a healthy frond and cut it off at the base
- Cut the frond into 3-4 inch sections, each with a few leaf nodes
- Remove lower leaves and place in water or moist potting mix
- Keep humid, warm, and in bright indirect light
- Transplant when new growth emerges in 4-6 weeks
Propagating Nephrolepis pendula is an easy and effective way to create new plants. Divisions and cuttings will readily root and grow into mature, lush ferns.
🐛 Common Pests
Spider Mites
- Tiny spider-like pests that suck juices from leaves
- Cause stippling, discoloration, or bronzing of foliage
- Fine webbing may cover leaves if infestation is high
- Monitor for speckling and webs on undersides of fronds
Mealybugs
- Soft-bodied insects that cluster on stems and undersides of leaves
- Secrete a powdery white wax covering their bodies
- Suck sap from plant tissues leading to yellowing or wilting
- Check leaf axils, joints, and runners for white fuzzy masses
Scale Insects
- Small immobile insects that attach to stems and undersides of fronds
- Can be armored (hard) or soft scale varieties
- Suck nutrients from plant leading to yellowing and decline
- Look for bumps on stems and sticky honeydew on leaves
Aphids
- Pear-shaped soft-bodied insects that cluster on new growth
- Stunt growth and cause leaf curling, yellowing, or distortion
- Secrete sticky honeydew which can grow black sooty mold
- Check tender new leaves and growth for clusters
Thrips
- Tiny slender insects that rasp plant tissues and suck juices
- Cause silver-white stippling, spots, or streaks on leaves
- May vector viruses like tomato spotted wilt virus
- Shake foliage over white paper to dislodge and detect thrips
Routinely inspect plants to catch infestations early. Isolate and treat affected plants to prevent spread. Use insecticidal soaps, horticultural oils, or other effective organic treatments for control.
🩺 Common Problems With Fish Tail Fern
Root Rot
- Caused by overwatering or poor drainage
- Roots turn brown, mushy, and foul smelling
- Leads to wilting, yellowing leaves, and leaf drop
- Improve drainage, allow soil to dry out between waterings
Leaf Spot Diseases
- Fungal or bacterial diseases cause spots on fronds
- Spots may be black, brown, or yellow with a halo
- Can lead to leaf yellowing, browning, and defoliation
- Prune affected leaves, improve air circulation, and water early in the day
Leaf Scorch
- Caused by dry air, intense sun, or drafts
- Leaf tips and margins turn brown and crispy
- Ensure proper humidity and light conditions
- Mist leaves frequently and move plant away from heat vents
Nutrient Deficiencies
- Yellowing leaves, stunted growth
- Usually caused by insufficient nitrogen or iron
- Fertilize regularly during growing season
- May need micronutrient supplements
Pest Damage
- Chewing, sucking, or rasping insects can distort growth
- Treat any infestations promptly
- Quarantine new plants to prevent pests spreading
Monitor plants closely to catch issues early. Identify the cause and take corrective action to restore plant health. With proper care, Nephrolepis pendula problems can be avoided or resolved.
🖼️ Display Ideas
With its cascading fronds, Nephrolepis pendula makes a beautiful focal point in gardens and homes. Here are some tips for displaying this eye-catching fern:
Hanging Baskets
- Allow the long fronds to spill over the sides of a hanging basket
- Choose a wire or moss lined basket to accommodate the spreading rhizomes
- Hang in a bright, humid spot indoors or a shady porch or patio
Shelves
- Place pots on shelves or plant stands to showcase trailing fronds
- Stagger multiple plants on different shelf levels
- Use decorative shelves like wrought iron plant stands
Tree Trunk Mounted
- Attach epiphytic varieties to tree ferns or driftwood with fishing line or wire
- Create a tropical effect with orchids and bromeliads
- Mist mounted plants daily to maintain humidity
Table Centerpiece
- Use a large specimen as a tabletop centerpiece
- Complement with candles, flowers, or other greenery
- Keep humidity high by grouping other plants together
Outdoor Containers
- Plant in large ceramic or terracotta pots for patios and decks
- Mix with annuals like impatiens or coleus
- Use a moss pole for climbing varieties
With the right display, Nephrolepis pendula can be a dramatic addition indoors or out. Showcase its cascading form by elevating pots or mounting epiphytic varieties.
👍 Pro Tips for Healthy Growth
Here are some expert tips and tricks to help your Nephrolepis pendula thrive:
Light
- Rotate the plant periodically to ensure even growth on all sides.
- Wipe dust off fronds weekly to maximize light exposure.
- Provide bright supplemental lighting in winter when light levels are low.
Water
- Allow water to fully drain after watering to prevent soggy soil.
- Water in the morning so leaves dry out during the day.
- Use distilled or rain water to prevent mineral buildup.
Humidity
- Group plants together to boost local humidity through transpiration.
- Use a gravel tray – place pebbles in a tray with water to increase humidity as the water evaporates.
- Mist frequently using a spray bottle.
Fertilizer
- Flush the soil monthly to prevent salt buildup from fertilizers.
- Switch to a fertilizer formulated for ferns rather than a general houseplant fertilizer.
Pruning
- Cut back fronds as needed to control size and shape.
- Remove yellow or damaged fronds promptly to maintain health.
- Prune any time but avoid cutting more than 1/3 of fronds at once.
Troubleshooting
- Isolate plants if pests are detected to prevent spreading.
- Disinfect pruning shears between plants to prevent disease transmission.
Follow these tips to keep your Nephrolepis pendula healthy and thriving for years to come! Proper care goes a long way with this beautiful fern.
❓ FAQ
Q: How much light does a Nephrolepis pendula need?
A: Nephrolepis pendula thrives in bright, indirect light. Provide 800-2000 foot candles of light. Avoid direct sunlight which can scorch the foliage.
Q: What is the ideal temperature range for Nephrolepis pendula?
A: Daytime temperatures of 68-86°F and nighttime temps of 60-70°F are ideal. Nephrolepis pendula can tolerate brief drops to 50°F.
Q: How often should I water my Nephrolepis pendula?
A: Water whenever the top inch of soil becomes dry. Nephrolepis pendula prefers consistently moist soil. Water 1-2 times per week in general.
Q: What type of potting mix should I use?
A: Use a porous, well-draining mix with peat moss, perlite, compost and orchid bark. Nephrolepis pendula prefers an acidic soil around pH 5.5-6.5.
Q: How humid should I keep the environment?
A: Nephrolepis pendula thrives in high humidity. Try to maintain 60-80% relative humidity or above if possible.
Q: When and how often should I fertilize?
A: Fertilize every 2-4 weeks during the growing season with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce frequency in winter.
Q: How do I propagate new Nephrolepis pendula plants?
A: Propagate by dividing the root ball or by taking frond cuttings. See the propagation section for detailed instructions.
Q: What pests or diseases affect Nephrolepis pendula?
A: Watch for pests like spider mites, mealybugs and scale. Diseases include bacterial leaf spot. Improve air circulation to prevent problems.
Q: Why are the fronds of my Nephrolepis pendula turning brown or yellow?
A: This is usually caused by underwatering, low humidity, insufficient light, or fertilizer burn. Review the care guidelines and adjust conditions.
Q: How can I encourage new growth in my Nephrolepis pendula?
A: Ensure proper lighting, humidity, water and fertilization. Trim off any dead or damaged fronds. Repotting may also stimulate new growth.
📝 Final Thoughts
With its graceful, cascading fronds, Nephrolepis pendula makes a beautiful addition to indoor and outdoor spaces. While it has specific care needs, this fern is well worth the effort for its lush, tropical effects.
Providing the right growing conditions is the key to success with Nephrolepis pendula. Give it bright, filtered light, consistent moisture, humid conditions, and an airy, well-draining soil. Avoid direct sun which can scorch the foliage. Water thoroughly when the top inch of soil becomes dry and mist frequently to provide the high humidity this plant thrives in.
Repot when rootbound into a slightly larger pot using fresh potting mix. Propagate new plants from plantlets or by dividing the rootball. Watch for pests like spider mites and mealybugs and treat any infestations promptly. With the proper care, Nephrolepis pendula will flourish and add beauty to your home or garden.
If you love the look of tropical ferns, Nephrolepis pendula is a great choice. Its cascading fronds and lacy appearance make a stunning display in a hanging basket or on a pedestal. Place it in an entryway or bright bathroom to enjoy its graceful form and lush texture daily. Nephrolepis pendula is sure to become one of your favorite houseplants!
We hope you’ve found this guide helpful and you feel confident to add this lovely fern to your plant collection. Happy growing!
📚 Further Reading
📗 Learn more about Nephrolepis pendula
📚 References
📘 Taxonomy information for Nephrolepis muelleri – UniProt.
📘 Plant profile for Nephrolepis muelleri – USDA PLANTS Database.
